UK visas by nationality
The UK's routes are the same for everyone, but a handful of rules turn on your nationality or on where you have lived: whether you need a visitor visa or can use the ETA, whether a TB test applies, how you evidence English, whether an ATAS certificate is needed for a sensitive subject, and which youth or ancestry schemes are open to you. These pages set out those differences and point to the route guides for the rest.
The pages are organised by the treatment a nationality receives, not by geography. Countries whose citizens are treated alike — the EU, EEA and Switzerland; the Gulf states; Australia, Canada and New Zealand — share a page, with the exceptions inside each group called out. Countries with a distinctive position of their own, such as India's young professionals scheme or Hong Kong's BN(O) route, have their own. The at-a-glance table at the top of each page is generated from the same data for every nationality, so the same question is answered in the same place on every page.
A nationality page never repeats a route's requirements: it tells you what is different for you, then sends you to the guide. If your nationality is not listed, the route guides apply in full and the ETA and visa-national lists on GOV.UK tell you which visiting rule you fall under.
- UK visas for Indian citizens Visitor visa not ETA, the TB test, proving English, the India Young Professionals Scheme, the routes Indian applicants use most, and the dual-nationality question.
- UK visas for Chinese citizens Visitor visa not ETA, the TB test, the ATAS certificate, proving English, the routes Chinese applicants use most, and what naturalising means for Chinese nationality.
- UK visas for Nigerian citizens Visitor visa not ETA, the TB test, proving English despite an English-language education, and the rule changes that hit Nigerian students and care workers.
- UK visas for Pakistani citizens Visitor visa not ETA, the TB test, proving English, the family and student routes Pakistani applicants use most, and the dual-nationality position at citizenship.
- UK visas for US citizens ETA for visits, no TB or English test, the work, talent and family routes Americans use most, and the settlement and citizenship position for US nationals.
- UK visas for EU, EEA and Swiss citizens Moving to the UK now versus the EU Settlement Scheme, the ETA, passports not ID cards, Irish citizens, and the routes Europeans have used since 2021.
- UK visas for GCC citizens ETA not a visa for citizens of Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain and Oman, no TB test, English evidence, government-sponsored study, and dual nationality.
- UK visas for Australian, Canadian and New Zealand citizens ETA for visits, no English or TB test, Youth Mobility to age 35, the UK Ancestry visa through a UK-born grandparent, and the settlement path for the three nationalities.
- UK visas for Hong Kong residents ETA for HKSAR passports but not BN(O), the BN(O) route, the Youth Mobility ballot, the TB test, the English requirement, and Chinese nationality at citizenship.
- UK visas for Bangladeshi citizens Visitor visa not ETA, the TB test, proving English, the student and family routes Bangladeshi applicants use most, and dual nationality at citizenship.
- UK visas for Filipino citizens Visitor visa not ETA, the TB test, proving English for nurses and other workers, the health and care routes Filipinos use most, and keeping Philippine citizenship.